When will men become self-reliant?
“Does your wife work?” “No, she stays at home.” Such conversations are common in India. Women’s management of the home and household chores is not accorded ‘the status of a job.’ Only if a woman ventures out to work in an office, she is regarded as employed. If she manages her home, raises children, cooks, and manages the household, she is regarded as unemployed.
This has been the perception of our society towards women for a long time. Forget paying for the domestic work of a woman, whose role is significant in laying the foundation for a family, our society has still not grown to provide dignity to a woman who manages the household.
Society terms as self-reliant only those women who work outside in offices or other areas for a salary which is another form of exploitation in India. The employed woman does not get any exception from domestic work. After completing her office work, she has to manage her household work without getting paid for it.
Also, in India, it is inevitable that women take on a major part of the child-rearing responsibility. At the same time, employed women find themselves in a situation where they can spend their earnings only through their husbands. For women, becoming ‘self-reliant’ therefore means working in two places – at the office and at home.
According to a 2019 survey conducted by the National Statistical Organization (NSO), about 91.8 percent of women in the age group of 15 -59 years are engaged in unpaid domestic work. The survey has also shown that only 20.6 percent of men participate in the same kind of unpaid domestic work. Overall, in 2019, about 79.8 percent women over six years of age were engaged in unpaid domestic work. But among men, this is a measly 17.9 percent.
According to the NSO’s Time Use Survey -2019 conducted between January and December 2019, about 51.7 percent of men over six years of age are engaged in income-generating employment activities. Compared to this, only 18.3 women are engaged in income-generating employment activities. This is the first time that such a survey has been conducted in India. The survey was conducted to collect information about how those over six years of age spend their time with their families.
The participation of Indians in unpaid work is about 63.6 percent, and on an average, one person is engaged in unpaid activities for 289 minutes per day.
In rural areas, the participation of women in unpaid domestic work is 85 percent whereas, in urban areas, it is 81.7 percent. In the same range, the participation of men in domestic unpaid work is 47.8 percent in urban areas whereas it is about 17.7 percent in rural areas.
The study has also revealed that where the grown-up children devote a larger proportion of time to studies, their participation in domestic work is reduced. The survey participants in the age group of 6 -14 were engaged in domestic activities for about 430 minutes whereas 29.2 percent of those in the age group of 15 -29 were engaged in domestic work.
Overall, the survey reveals that society has handed over the responsibility of all unpaid domestic and livelihood related work to women and has institutionalized a way of life that men and children need not be part of such domestic activities.
Most importantly, society has decided that being ‘self-reliant’ means being paid for holding jobs outside homes and at offices. It reveals the state of the mind of people who consider earning a salary and engaging in domestic work in two different aspects. The survey has also revealed the contempt of the family towards work that does not generate income. Usually, only girls are taught household chores and boys are assigned the responsibilities of the outside world. Families don’t seem to have understood regardless of gender self-reliance includes cooking, washing, and managing everyday domestic work. That’s the reason why a majority of men depend on others for some of the most important activities.
For example, men are rendered helpless when it comes to carrying out important tasks such as cooking and managing their personal belongings and inevitably depend on women. Therefore, it is important that boys and girls are not differentiated right from childhood, and attempts are made to make them self-reliant. Both boys and girls should be taught to cook, clean vessels, manage their personal belongings, perform different domestic activities, and manage their homes. Only then would they be able to manage their families in their roles as husbands or wives. Men will then develop an attitude to regard and respect women who perform unpaid domestic work. Before women and their self-reliance, men’s life of self-reliance should be discussed. Families become stronger with men becoming self-reliant in domestic work.
After engaging in domestic, unpaid work, women lose opportunities to engage themselves in activities such as reading newspapers, participating in sports, and engaging in social activities due to societal prejudice that only those who earn salaries have the right to engage in such activities. If women work in offices or shops, men should manage at least half of their domestic responsibilities.
Otherwise, it would become another form of exploitation of women. The responsibility of child-rearing is both that of the woman and the man and if a husband and wife are well coordinated in this, life becomes smooth. As the saying, ‘home is the first school’, goes, managing families and children becomes significant and valuable more than earning salary through paid work. If men and women understand and internalize this and manage their life, families and society will be much better off.
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Kharge dares PM Modi to take steps against BJP leaders who talk about altering Constitution
Kishanganj/Katihar (Bihar) (PTI): Congress president Mallikarjun Kharge on Friday challenged Prime Minister Narendra Modi to take action against BJP leaders who have stated that the Constitution will be changed if the saffron party won more than 400 seats in Lok Sabha.
Addressing back-to-back election rallies in Kishanganj and Katihar Lok Sabha constituencies in Bihar, Kharge also came down heavily on former Congress ally Nitish Kumar, alleging that the Bihar chief minister had "no principles" and, hence, was "more dangerous" than even the BJP.
"Modi has, of late, been showing a lot of reverence for the Constitution. If he means what he says, how are leaders of the BJP able to get away with their statements? Why is he taking no action against them", said Kharge, referring to recent utterances by leaders like Anant Hegde, Jyoti Mirdha and Lallu Singh.
The Congress president alleged that the BJP was out to implement the agenda of the RSS "which had played no role in the struggle for the country's independence", and warned that "the ongoing elections are critical for saving democracy and the Constitution in the country. If we fail, our future generations will suffer".
Kharge also lashed out at Nitish Kumar, who heads the JD(U), saying, "Our ally Tejashwi Yadav (RJD leader) has many times lamented the betrayal of his chacha (uncle). I say it is good riddance. People like Nitish Kumar are more dangerous than the BJP and RSS, which at least have a known ideology, however flawed. Nitish Kumar has no principles. He cares only for power".
Notably, Kumar dumped the INDIA bloc that he had helped form a few months ago when he returned to the NDA, less than two years after having snapped ties with the BJP accusing it of having tried to engineer a split in JD(U).
"The double engine in Bihar often meets with accidents, causing the train carriages to decouple", remarked Kharge, referring to the "unstable" nature of the BJP-JD(U) alliance.
He also lambasted Modi for "always alleging that in 70 years nothing substantial was achieved in the country and blaming the Congress for it". Kharge pointed out, "Our leaders like Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi lost their lives in attacks by terrorists who targeted them because they were trying to uphold the integrity of the nation."
Kharge also said the people should ask Modi what happened to his promise of 'achche din' (good days).
"Nowhere are to be seen the doubling of farmers' income and Rs 15 lakh in every person's account, drawn through black money he had promised to bring from abroad. Does he mean by 'achche din' skyrocketing prices of petrol and cooking gas and unemployment at an all-time high?," the Congress president asked.
Kharge also accused Modi in particular and the BJP in general of splurging money on "propaganda", and remarked "the source of their funding has become known. The electoral bonds were the biggest scam.
Companies have been shown to have bought bonds worth several times their turnover. Many business entities purchased these after raids by investigating agencies".
Kharge also alleged that central agencies, like ED, CBI and the Income Tax department, were being used to settle political scores and claimed that "more than 20 political leaders, who faced corruption charges, have got a clean chit after joining or allying with the BJP".
Urging the people to vote for the Congress and its allies, Kharge said, "Do not be swayed by the 'Modi ki guarantee' gimmick. You will not be able to hold anybody to account once the elections are over".
He also enlisted promises made by the Congress in its manifesto, like caste census, raising of MGNREGA wages to Rs 400 per day, the "right to apprenticeship" for youth and Rs one lakh annual dole to poor women.
"Modi says he saw an imprint of the Muslim League in our manifesto. I wonder what he means by that. Are all young people and women Muslims", Kharge asked with dismay.
