There Is a Way to Cut Petrol, Diesel Prices But the Modi Government Isn't Interested

Prasenjit Bose thewire.in , Vartha Bharati | 12-09-2018 | 17:46:00 IST

An employee of Bharat Petroleum waits for customers in Mumbai. Credit: Danish Siddiqui/Reuters

The prices of petrol and diesel have reached unprecedented levels, leading to massive discontent and protests organised by the opposition. Petrol in Delhi has crossed Rs 80 per litre and diesel Rs 72 per litre. In most other cities, the prices have reached higher levels, depending on the rates of VAT imposed by state governments.

Spokespersons of the Narendra Modi government are pleading helplessness over the situation, citing the hardening of global crude oil prices and the devaluation of the rupee. This is a lame excuse. The current prices of petrol and diesel in India’s neighbouring countries Asia are much lower, as can be seen from Table 1.

Table1: Retail price of petrol and diesel (1 litre) in India and neighbouring countries (in Indian rupee) on September 1, 2018

Source: Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell (PPAC), Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas

Why are the retail prices of petrol and diesel higher in India? It is because of the high incidence of Central excise and state VAT imposed on these commodities. For every litre of petrol, the Central government currently collects an excise duty of Rs 19.48; for diesel the excise duty is Rs 15.33 per litre. The state governments impose VAT over and above this. The rate of indirect taxes (central excise and VAT taken together) have crossed 100% in the case of petrol and 70% in the case of diesel. Without taxes, the retail price of a litre of petrol and diesel should have been around Rs. 40, even at the current level of international crude oil prices.

Table 2: Tax Revenues of the Union government

Source: Receipts Budget, 2018-19; CAG Report Nos. 42 of 2017, Department of Revenue (Indirect Taxes – Central Excise) & CAG Report No. 17 of 2013, Department of Revenue (Compliance Audit on Indirect Taxes-Central Excise and Service)

*Note: Data on excise duties on petro-products for 2017-18 is provisional and has been sourced from PPAC Ready Reckoner, June 2018, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas    

Table 2 provides the annual estimates of gross tax revenues of the union government under the UPA-II and the Modi regime along with the break-up of major tax-heads, namely excise duties on petro-products, corporate tax and income tax. Table 3 provides the share of these three major tax heads in gross tax revenue, calculated from Table 2.

It can be seen clearly from Table 3 that the reliance of the Union government on excise collections from petro-products have gone up considerably under the NDA. In the five years from 2009-10 to 2013-14, the share of excise collections from petro-products in gross tax revenues (GTR) averaged around 8.8%. From 2014-15 to 2017-18, the average went up to 12.5%. Simultaneously, the share of corporate tax collections in GTR fell from an average of 36.5% under UPA-II to 30.7%. The average share of income tax collections in GTR have increased from 19% under UPA-II to 21%.

Table 3: Share of Major Taxes in Gross Tax Revenues (GTR) of the Union government

Source: Same as Table 2

This exposes the class bias in the NDA’s revenue mobilisation strategy. While the tax share of large corporations have come down substantially, the tax share of fuel consumers and income tax payers has risen. The corporate class has benefitted at the cost of the poor and the middle class. This socially iniquitous and unjust revenue mobilisation strategy needs to be abandoned forthwith.

Petrol and diesel need to be brought under GST, just like kerosene and LPG. Even if the highest GST rate of 28% is applied, petrol and diesel would not cost more than Rs 55 per litre. The resulting revenue losses can be compensated through higher mobilisation of corporate taxes and doing away with corporate tax exemptions. Revenue foregone on account of corporate tax incentives have totalled over Rs 85,000 crore per year in the last two financial years, as per the receipts budget 2018-19. The pro-corporate bias in the revenue mobilisation strategy needs to be corrected.

Prasenjit Bose is an economist and political activist.

Courtesy: thewire.in

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Jessie Buckley wins the best actress Oscar for tear-jerking ‘Hamnet'''' performance

16-03-2026 ¦ 16-03-2026 IST

Jessie Buckley | PC: x/@ABC

Los Angeles (AP): Jessie Buckley claimed her first Oscar on Sunday for her “Hamnet” performance that prompted almost anyone who saw it to blow through a box of tissues.

The prize for best actress went to second-time nominee Buckley for her role as William Shakespeare's wife, Agnes, in the drama directed by Chloe Zhao.

Buckley burst into a fit of laughter before beginning her speech, saying, “This is really something.”

“It's Mother's Day in the UK today, so I would like to dedicate this to the beautiful chaos of a mother's heart,” she said. “We all come from a lineage of women who continue to create against all odds. Thank you for recognising me in this role.”

Buckley, who is Irish, had swept the awards circuit leading up to the ceremony, winning in her category at the Critics Choice Awards, Golden Globes, BAFTAs and Actor Awards. She is the first Irish performer to win a best actress Oscar.

A front-runner in the category, Buckley was nominated alongside first-time nominees Rose Byrne for “If I Had Legs I'd Kick You” and Renate Reinsve for “Sentimental Value”. Two-time winner Emma Stone was also nominated for “Bugonia”, as was two-time nominee Kate Hudson for “Song Sung Blue”.

“Hamnet”, which is an adaptation of Maggie O'Farrell's prizewinning historical fiction novel from 2020, dramatises the mysterious private life of the famed playwright and poet Shakespeare and his wife Anne Hathaway (who was also called Agnes). The plot centres on the death of the couple's 11-year-old son, Hamnet, and the intense grief that followed.

Fellow Irish actor Paul Mescal plays William as the story imagines a connection between Hamnet's tragic death and the birth of what many consider to be Shakespeare's greatest tragedy, “Hamlet”. (The two names were virtually interchangeable in England during the 16th century).

The film developed a reputation for leaving audiences in tears, due in large part to the potency of Buckley's performance. She was previously nominated for the supporting actress Oscar for her turn in the 2021 film “The Lost Daughter”.

The drama received eight Oscar nominations, including for directing, adapted screenplay and best picture.