Most Indians Non-Vegetarian; Men More Than Women, South And East Most
New Delhi, May 22: India’s Bharatiya Janata Party-led government has been advocating vegetarianism on grounds of religion and ideology, the latest being an effort by Indian Railways railways to enforce vegetarian menus on all trains on Mahatma Gandhi’s birthday, Oct. 2.
However, around 80 percent of Indian men and 70 percent of women consume eggs, fish, chicken or meat occasionally, if not weekly, according to an IndiaSpend analysis of national health data. But their daily diet tends to be vegetarian, consisting of milk or curd, pulses or beans and dark green and leafy vegetables.
Also Read: Indian Railways To Use Artificial Intelligence To Ensure Hygienic Food On Trains
Overall, 42.8 percent Indian women and 48.9 percent men consumed fish, chicken or meat weekly, according to the National Family Health Survey, 2015-16.
It is important to assess the average diet of an Indian because both malnutrition and obesity are a problem: 53.7 percent women and 22.7 percent men are anaemic and 22.9 percent of women and 20.2 percent of men are thin (with body mass index of less than 18.5), while 20.7 percent of women and 18.9 percent men are overweight or obese, according to the same data.
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare had recently courted controversy when it tweeted an image that grouped non-vegetarian foods such as eggs and meat with junk food, implying that both cause obesity. The image was subsequently deleted.
In 2015, Madhya Pradesh government had banned eggs from meals served in anganwadis or day-care centres allegedly due to pressure from Jain groups.
These moves come despite the recommendations of the National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, which advocate the consumption of protein-rich animal foods such as milk, meat, fish and eggs–and plant foods such as pulses and legumes.
“Animal proteins are of high quality as they provide all the essential amino acids in right proportions, while plant or vegetable proteins are not of the same quality because of their low content of some of the essential amino acids” said NIN’s dietary guidelines.
Also Read: Why India’s Packaged Food Market Will Jump To $200 Billion In A Decade
The Indian Railways are now planning to celebrate the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi, a vegetarian, as ‘vegetarian day’. It plans to serve only vegetarian food on its premises and appeal to all its employees to abjure meat that day, reported Times of India on May 21, 2018.
Dietary risk, including poor diet–low in fruits, vegetables, whole grain but high in salt, fats–is the third biggest risk factor for death and disability in India after air pollution and malnutrition, IndiaSpendreported in November, 2017.
In Women, 37.4 Percent Have Eggs, 36 Percent Fish, Chicken Or Meat Weekly
More men than women eat non-vegetarian food in India; almost three in ten women do not consume eggs (29.3 percent) and chicken, fish or meat (29.9 percent) compared to two in ten men who do not consume eggs (19.6 percent) and chicken, fish or meat (21.6 percent).
Among women between the age of 15-45 years, 45 percent have milk and curd, 44.8 percent have pulses or beans, and 47.2 percent have dark green, leafy vegetables daily, while 37.4 percent eat eggs and 36.6 percent eat fish, chicken or meat weekly. Almost half–51.8 percent–of them have fruits occasionally.
Among men between 15 and 45 years of age, 46.2 percent have milk and curd, 46.5 percent have pulses or beans, 46.6 percent have dark green, leafy vegetables daily ,while 44.7 percent eat eggs, 43.3 percent eat fish, chicken or meat weekly and 47.6 percent have fruits occasionally.
Age, Marital Status, Geography, Wealth And Caste Are Factors
Weekly consumption of food items is not the same for all groups and follows different trends. But those over 19 years tend to eat more eggs and any kind of meat every week.
Among men, the highest consumption of eggs and meat was among those who were never married (50.5 percent for eggs and 49.2 percent for fish, chicken or meat). Also, urban men (53.8 percent for eggs, 52.8 percent for fish, chicken or meat) eat more non-vegetarian food than rural men (47.1 percent for eggs, 46.5 percent for fish, chicken or meat).
Among women, the highest consumption of eggs and meat was among those who were widowed or divorced or deserted (41.5 percent for eggs and 47.4 percent for fish, chicken or meat).
Education appears to decide the choice of vegetarian/non-vegetarian foods. Those who have studied up to five years eat the highest amount of eggs and meat–men (54.2 percent and 57.6 percent) and women (48.2 percent and 51.8 percent).
Among religions, Christians consume eggs and meat the most–men (71.5 percent and 75.6 percent) and women (64.7 percent and 74.2 percent). This is followed by Muslim men (66.5 percent and 73.1 percent) and women (59.7 percent and 67.3 percent).
The highest consumption of eggs and fish, chicken or meat is among those who said they did not know their caste–men (49.2 percent and 51.6 percent). This holds true for women as well for eggs; for fish, chicken and meat it is highest in ‘other’ caste.
And while the consumption of eggs and meat increases with household wealth, a lower percentage of men and women among the richest 20 percent Indians consume eggs and meat.
Most Meat Eaters In Kerala, Fewest In Punjab
Data on women show that Kerala (92.8 percent), Goa (85.7 percent) and Assam (80.4 percent) have the highest weekly consumers of fish, chicken or meat, while Punjab (4 percent), Rajasthan (6 percent) and Haryana (7.8 percent) rank the lowest.
Figures for men show that Tripura (94.8 percent), Kerala (90.1 percent) and Goa (88 percent) are the highest weekly consumers of fish, chicken or meat, while Punjab (10 percent), Rajasthan (10.2 percent) and Haryana (13 percent) are the lowest.
The consumption of meat on a weekly basis is high in the northeast and south India. It is the lowest in the north for both the genders.
(Yadavar is a principal correspondent with IndiaSpend.)
This article has been published in arrangement with IndiaSpend.
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Another North Goa nightclub sealed; Kejriwal says corruption led to fire tragedy
Panaji (PTI): As part of a crackdown against tourist establishments violating laws and safety norms in the aftermath of the Arpora fire tragedy, Goa authorities on Saturday sealed a renowned club at Vagator and revoked the fire department NOC of another club.
Cafe CO2 Goa, located on a cliff overlooking the Arabian Sea at Vagator beach in North Goa, was sealed. The move came two days after Goya Club, also in Vagator, was shut down for alleged violations of rules.
Elsewhere, campaigning for local body polls, AAP leader Arvind Kejriwal said the fire incident at Birch by Romeo Lane nightclub at Arpora, which claimed 25 lives on December 6, happened because the BJP government in the state was corrupt.
An inspection of Cafe CO2 Goa by a state government-appointed team revealed that the establishment, with a seating capacity of 250, did not possess a no-objection certificate (NOC) of the Fire and Emergency Services Department. The club, which sits atop Ozrant Cliff, also did not have structural stability, the team found.
The Fire and Emergency Services on Saturday also revoked the NOC issued to Diaz Pool Club and Bar at Anjuna as the fire extinguishers installed in the establishment were found to be inadequate, said divisional fire officer Shripad Gawas.
A notice was issued to Nitin Wadhwa, the partner of the club, he said in the order.
Campaigning at Chimbel village near Panaji in support of his party's Zilla Panchayat election candidate, Aam Aadmi Party leader Kejriwal said the nightclub fire at Arpora happened because of the "corruption of the Pramod Sawant-led state government."
"Why this fire incident happened? I read in the newspapers that the nightclub had no occupancy certificate, no building licence, no excise licence, no construction licence or trade licence. The entire club was illegal but still it was going on," he said.
"How could it go on? Couldn't Pramod Sawant or anyone else see it? I was told that hafta (bribe) was being paid," the former Delhi chief minister said.
A person can not work without bribing officials in the coastal state, Kejriwal said, alleging that officers, MLAs and even ministers are accepting bribes.
