How social isolation may increase stress
New York, May 18: Researchers have found that long term chronic isolation cause the build-up of a chemical in the brain, that increases stress, aggression and fear.
The mice isolated for two weeks showed behavioural changes like, increased aggressiveness towards unfamiliar mice, persistent fear, and hypersensitivity to threatening stimuli.
When encountering a threatening stimulus, mice that have been socially isolated remain frozen in place long after the threat has passed, whereas normal mice stop freezing soon after the threat is removed, the research said.
Although the study was done in mice, it has potential implications for understanding how chronic stress affects humans and has potential applications for treating mental health disorders, said lead author Moriel Zelikowsky, postdoctoral scholar at the California Institute of Technology in the US.
Previous studies have determined that social isolation for two weeks in mice resulted in the upregulation of the signalling molecule neuropeptide, tachykinin 2 (Tac2)/neurokinin B (NkB) -- a short protein molecule.
In the new study, published in the journal Cell, the team found that chronic isolation leads to an increase in Tac2 gene expression and the production of a neuropeptide called neurokinin B (NkB) throughout the brain.
But, administration of a drug that chemically blocks NkB-specific receptors enabled the stressed mice to behave normally, eliminating the negative effects of social isolation.
On the other hand, artificially increasing Tac2 levels and activating the corresponding neurons in normal, animals led them to behave like isolated and stressed, the research showed.
Suppressing the Tac2 gene in certain different brain parts, increased fear behaviours, or aggression accordingly, implying that it must increase in different brain regions to produce the various effects of social isolation, the researchers said.
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Virat Kohli's Ranji Trophy return draws massive crowd at Arun Jaitley Stadium, fans chant RCB
New Delhi: Virat Kohli's return to the Ranji Trophy after nearly 13 years has generated massive excitement among fans, with thousands gathering outside Arun Jaitley Stadium, chanting "RCB RCB" in support of the star batter. Kohli is playing for Delhi against Railways as part of his preparation for the upcoming Champions Trophy.
The Delhi and District Cricket Association (DDCA) has allowed free entry for spectators, requiring only an Aadhaar card and a photocopy. Fans have been allocated the Gautam Gambhir Stand, accessible through Gate Nos. 16 and 17, while Gate No. 6 is reserved for DDCA members and guests.
DDCA secretary Ashok Kumar Sharma stated that around 10,000 fans are expected on the first day, with arrangements matching those of an international or IPL match.
Kohli, who last played in the Ranji Trophy in 2012 under Virender Sehwag's captaincy, is looking to regain form. Since 2020, he has scored 2,028 runs in 39 Test matches at an average of 30.72, with just three centuries. In the 2023–25 ICC World Test Championship cycle, he managed 751 runs in 14 matches at an average of 32.65.
