Manuscripts of Bhagavad Gita, Natyashastra inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of World Register
New Delhi (PTI): Manuscripts of Bhagavad Gita and Bharat Muni's Natyashastra are among 74 new documentary heritage collections that have been added to UNESCO's Memory of the World Register.
Entries on scientific revolution, women's contribution to history and major milestones of multilateralism from 72 countries and four international organisations are included in the register, according to UNESCO.
The register consists of books, manuscripts, maps, photographs, sound or video recordings as a documentary heritage of humanity.
The development comes on World Heritage Day on April 18.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, in a post on X, on Friday described the inscriptions as "a proud moment for every Indian across the world".
"The inclusion of the Gita and Natyashastra in UNESCO's Memory of the World Register is a global recognition of our timeless wisdom and rich culture. The Gita and Natyashastra have nurtured civilisation, and consciousness for centuries. Their insights continue to inspire the world," he said.
Preserved at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute and codified around the 2nd century BC, the Natyashastra of Bharat Muni is "an epitome of the Natyaveda, an oral body of knowledge of performing art containing 36,000 verses known as the Gandharvaveda," the UNESCO said in its citation list about the new inscriptions.
Bharat Muni makes a "groundbreaking statement in Natyashastra, asserting that 'no meaning can blossom forth without rasa', a profound contribution to world literature," it said.
The Natyashastra embodies a comprehensive set of rules that define natya (drama), abhinaya (performance), rasa (aesthetic experience), bhava (emotion), sangita (music), among others, thus articulating the character of Indian theatre, poetics, aesthetics, dance and music.
The "Manuscript collection of Bhagavadgita: ancient samgraha-grantha of Indian thought with worldwide readership and influence" also now finds a place in the coveted UNESCO register.
"The Bhagavadgita, containing 700 verses in 18 chapters, is embedded within the Bhismaparva of the epic Mahabharata. It takes the form of a dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna with armies lined up for the great war intended to free Arjuna of dejection (visada)," the citation read.
Bhagavad Gita is a central text in the continuous, cumulative ancient intellectual Indian tradition, synthesising various thought movements such as Vedic, Buddhist, Jain and Carvaka, it said.
"Due to its philosophical breadth and depth, the Bhagavadgita has been read for centuries across the globe and translated into many languages," the citation added.
Union Culture Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat also took to X on Friday saying this was a "historic moment for Bharat's civilisational heritage".
This global honour celebrates India's "eternal wisdom and artistic genius, the minister said.
"These timeless works are more than literary treasures -- they are philosophical and aesthetic foundations that have shaped Bharat's worldview and the way we think, feel, live, and express. With this, we now have 14 inscriptions from our country on this international register," he posted and shared some images of the two texts.
On Thursday, UNESCO added 74 new documentary heritage collections to its Memory of the World Register, bringing the total number of inscribed collections to 570, the world body said.
Collections are added to the register by a decision of UNESCO's executive board, following the evaluation of nominations by an independent international advisory committee.
Among the newly inscribed collections, fourteen pertain to scientific documentary heritage.
Ithaf Al-Mahbub, submitted by Egypt, documents the Arab world's contributions to astronomy, planetary movement, celestial bodies, and astrological analysis during the first millennium of our era, UNESCO said.
The archives of Charles Darwin (United Kingdom), Friedrich Nietzsche (Germany), Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (Germany) -- which contain the very first recorded X-ray photographs -- and Carlos Chagas (Brazil), a pioneer in disease research, have also been included.
Several collections document key moments in international cooperation, including the Geneva Conventions (1864-1949) and their protocols (1977-2005) (Switzerland), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (United Nations), and the 1991 Windhoek Declaration (Namibia), a global reference for press freedom, the UNESCO said in the statement.
"Documentary heritage is an essential yet fragile element of the memory of the world. This is why UNESCO invests in safeguarding -- such as the libraries of Chinguetti in Mauritania or the archives of Amadou Hampate Ba in Cote d'Ivoire -- shares best practices and maintains this register that records the broadest threads of human history," UNESCO's Director-General Audrey Azoulay said.
The Permanent Delegation of India to UNESCO also acknowledged the inscriptions of ancient Indian texts on the Register and thanked UNESCO.
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Border skirmishes continue in different sectors along LoC for 9th day in J-K
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Jammu (PTI): The post-to-post small arms firing between India and Pakistani troops continued in different sectors along the Line of Control (LoC) in Jammu and Kashmir for the ninth consecutive night, officials said on Saturday.
However, there was no casualty in the border skirmishes initiated by Pakistan troops in violation of the ceasefire agreement.
This was the nine consecutive nights of unprovoked firing from across the border, which had mostly restricted to LoC. There was only one incident of firing along the International Border (IB).
Firing between the two sides comes amid heightened tensions following the April 22 terror attack in Pahalgam in which 26 people were killed.
“During the night of May 2 and 3, Pakistan Army resorted to unprovoked small arms fire across the Line of Control opposite the Kupwara, Uri, and Akhnoor areas of the Union Territory of Jammu & Kashmir.
“Indian Army responded promptly and proportionately,” a defence spokesman said.
Civilians living along the LoC and IB have begun cleaning their community and individual bunkers to make them habitable in case of an escalation to shelling.
Since the night of April 24, just hours after India suspended the Indus Waters Treaty following a terror attack in Pahalgam, Pakistani troops have been resorting to unprovoked firing at various places along the LoC in J&K, starting from the Kashmir Valley.
Initially beginning with unprovoked small arms firing at several posts along the LoC in Kupwara and Baramulla districts of north Kashmir, Pakistan swiftly expanded its ceasefire violations to the Poonch sector and subsequently to the Akhnoor sector of the Jammu region.
This was followed by small arms firing at several posts along the LoC in the Sunderbani and Naushera sectors of Rajouri district. Subsequently, the firing expanded to the Pargwal sector along the International Border in Jammu district.
The renewed ceasefire violations come despite a recent hotline conversation between the Directors General of Military Operations (DGMOs) of India and Pakistan, during which the Indian side is learnt to have cautioned Pakistan.
On April 24, Pakistan blocked its airspace for Indian airlines, closed the Wagah border crossing, suspended all trade with India, and warned that any attempt to divert water would be considered an "act of war."
The ceasefire along the borders was reaffirmed in February 2021, when both countries agreed to observe the 2003 agreement in letter and spirit. However, the current situation marks a significant departure from the relative calm maintained since then.
India shares a total of 3,323 km of border with Pakistan, divided into three parts: the International Border (IB), approximately 2,400 km from Gujarat to the northern banks of the Chenab River in Akhnoor, Jammu; the Line of Control (LoC), 740 km long, running from parts of Jammu to parts of Leh; and the Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL), 110 km long, dividing the Siachen region from NJ 9842 to Indira Col in the north.
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