Azim Premji University study finds Shakti scheme transformed women’s mobility in Bengaluru
Bengaluru (PTI): A study by Azim Premji University has found that Karnataka's Shakti scheme, which offers free bus travel for women, has significantly transformed women's mobility in Bengaluru.
The report—Gender, Welfare, and Mobility: Impact of Shakti Scheme on BMTC Transport Transformation—authored by economists Tamoghna Halder and Arjun Jayadev from the university's Centre for the Study of the Indian Economy, notes that the scheme has reshaped "the gendered patterns of access to the city", according to a press release issued on Thursday.
Launched on June 11, 2023, the Shakti scheme was among the pre-poll guarantees of the ruling Congress government and was implemented within a month of it coming to power. The initiative provides free travel for women across Karnataka in non-luxury government-run buses.
Women now form the majority of passengers on several of Bengaluru's busiest routes, including those passing through the Central Business District (CBD).
Analysing 2.89 crore trips made on Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation capacity-operated buses between January 2023 and January 2025, the study found that women's ridership increased 2.5 times after the scheme's launch and has since stabilised at a new level where women outnumber men by an average ratio of 60:40.
This, the report states, marks a "structural shift in access to public transport."
While the Shakti subsidy marginally exceeds fare revenue from non-beneficiaries, the study observes that the "overall gap is narrow relative to the scale of the scheme."
In terms of geographical equity, uptake has been strongest in northern, western, and central Bengaluru. However, eastern peripheries and peri-urban, largely migrant neighbourhoods lag, possibly due to weaker BMTC coverage and the exclusion of migrant women from the scheme, it said.
The study also found a sharp rise in women riders along Metro feeder corridors. Following the Purple Line extension, some routes have shown a bus-to-metro shift, though Shakti users continue to prefer buses due to zero fares.
On social equity, the study notes, "There is no significant difference in women's ridership between the most and least SC-ST concentrated wards in Bengaluru, suggesting that access to the Shakti scheme is not contingent on the caste profile of a neighbourhood."
Route-specific analysis indicates that affordable bus services have expanded women's zones of commute to areas offering better socio-economic opportunities, including the CBD, thereby enhancing access to employment, education, and healthcare.
The authors identified three key policy priorities. "There is a need to expand BMTC in terms of fleet size, frequency, and integration with the metro to absorb demand, while improving last-mile connectivity to ensure universality," said Jayadev.
Halder added, "Extending benefits to migrant women, who remain excluded despite being among the city's most mobility-constrained groups, is key to fostering inclusive urban citizenship."
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Sangh Parivar still afraid of Mahatma Gandhi: Kerala CM
Thiruvananthapuram (PTI): Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan on Friday paid homage to Mahatma Gandhi on his 78th death anniversary and claimed that the Sangh Parivar was still afraid of him and his memory and that is why his name was removed from the rural employment guarantee scheme.
Vijayan, in a Facebook post, said that Gandhi was killed because of his uncompromising stance on secularism and his vision of a pluralistic India that embraces diversity and disagreement.
He claimed that the Sangh Parivar was afraid of the memory of the Father of the Nation and hence his name was removed from the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme.
"Why are they still afraid of Gandhiji? The answer is simple. Gandhiji's life and vision are the exact opposite of the politics of hatred and alienation envisioned by the Sangh Parivar," the CM contended.
He further claimed that the Sangh Parivar was trying to remove Gandhi from the lives of the ordinary people.
Vijayan said that unity in diversity was "the foundation stone of the Indian Republic" and everyone should be committed to protecting it from the "totalitarian tendencies that suppress dissent".
He claimed that there were certain forces which were trying to "rewrite history and elevate communal murderers as heroes" in order to lead the country towards totalitarianism.
The Marxist veteran said that Gandhi was "not assassinated by a man named Godse, but by an embodiment of the politics of hatred promoted by the Sangh Parivar" which is still trying to attack and destroy the Constitution and the democratic values of the country.
He said that Gandhi's martyrdom was a constant call for the anti-communal struggle.
Leader of Opposition in the state assembly V D Satheesan too claimed that the Sangh Parivar was afraid of Gandhi.
In his message on Facebook paying tribute to the Father of the Nation, Satheesan said that Sangh Parivar was even afraid of the memories of Gandhi and that is why they were "erasing books and writings" to hide things from people.
He too said that the assassin of Gandhi was not just a man, but an ideology.
Satheesan said that even though the Sangh Parivar shot him down, Gandhi still lives on after his death.
Gandhi, the most prominent face of India's freedom movement, was assassinated by Nathuram Godse on this day in 1948.
