Karnataka tops India Justice Report 2025, but struggles with prisons, legal aid, gender equality
Bengaluru: Karnataka has emerged as the top performer among 18 large and mid-sized states (with a population of over one crore each) in India, according to the India Justice Report 2025 (IJR), a key national ranking assessing the delivery of justice across the country.
The report, cited on Wednesday by The New Indian Express, revealed that Karnataka continues to maintain its strong position from the previous edition of the report, securing the top spot in the overall ranking for justice delivery.
The IJR evaluates states based on their performance in four key areas: police, judiciary, prisons, and legal aid. Karnataka stands out for its effective implementation of reservation quotas for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in both the police and judiciary sectors. The state has also set a benchmark with a mere 1.2 percent vacancy rate at the officer level within the police force, the lowest among all large states. Additionally, Karnataka boasts the highest number of paralegal volunteers in the country.
Karnataka is followed by Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. But, despite being a top ranking state, the report highlighted significant areas of concern, particularly in prisons, legal aid, and women’s representation within the police force.
The IJR 2025 raised alarm over the state’s prison system, particularly the high number of undertrial prisoners (UTPs). According to the report, 80 percent of inmates in Karnataka’s prisons are under trial, the highest figure recorded since 2015. This increase in UTPs reflects broader systemic issues, including limited access to legal aid at the grassroots level, especially in villages.
Furthermore, Karnataka’s progress in integrating women into the police force remains far from ideal. The state has set an ambitious target to raise the percentage of women in police roles to 25 percent, but the reality falls short. According to the IJR 2025, women constitute only 9 percent of the total police force, with a mere 6 percent representation at the officer level.
Commenting on the findings, Justice Madan B. Lokur (Retd.), former judge of the Supreme Court, emphasised that the barriers to accessing justice begin at the very first point of contact with the system. “With our failure to properly equip and train frontline justice providers — police stations, legal aid actors including paralegal volunteers and district courts — we fracture public trust,” TNIE report quoted him as saying.
“The strength of our entire justice framework rests on these critical first points of contact. The burden continues to remain on the individual seeking justice, and not the state to provide it,” he added.
Maja Daruwala, Chief Editor of the India Justice Report, called for urgent reforms to ensure that justice is not just a constitutional ideal but an everyday reality for all citizens. “As India moves forward into a hundred years of being a democratic, rule-of-law nation, the promise of rule of law and equal rights will remain hollow unless underwritten by a reformed justice system,” Daruwala said, noting that reform is not optional but urgent.
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Judiciary needs to function like 24x7 hospitals to address common man's pain, aspirations: CJI
Jabalpur (PTI): Chief Justice of India (CJI) Surya Kant on Saturday said it was time for the judiciary to address the pain and aspirations of the common man through an immediate relief-giving mechanism, and stressed the need for the judicial system to function like hospitals that work round-the-clock.
He said technology was the only effective answer to wastage of judiciary's time, and called for deepening technology and artificial intelligence (AI)-based judicial architecture to expedite justice delivery.
The CJI was speaking at a programme organised by the Madhya Pradesh High Court on "Fragmentation to fusion, Empowering justice via united digital platform integration". He also launched the high court's newly-developed digital platforms.
"Indian judiciary is committed to ensuring optimum utilisation of not only technological advancements that have been going on and which are integral part of our system since 1990, but also of latest AI designs and how we can use them for the benefit of the common man," he said.
"We should think of deepening technology and AI-based judicial architecture. Technology is the only effective answer to wasting judicial time," CJI Kant said.
The time has come when the judiciary needs to address the aspirations, requirements, demands, pain and agony of the common man through an immediate relief-giving system, he said.
"For that, the judiciary needs to work like hospitals that function 24x7," he added.
Recalling the COVID-19 pandemic, the CJI said the Indian judiciary was praised globally for discharging its constitutional duties during difficult times.
"We did not close our courts," he said, elaborating on how technology enabled courts to conduct urgent hearings during the pandemic.
He stressed the need to make use of technological advancements in judiciary for expediting the justice delivery system.
Praising Madhya Pradesh HC for developing digital platforms, the CJI said that as stated by the Union Minister of State for Law and Justice Arjun Ram Meghwal, there was a need to roll out these technological advancements at the pan-India level.
A committee has been constituted by the Supreme Court on how to use AI for the benefit of the judicial system, especially in speedy disposal of cases, according to him.
Minister Meghwal, Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Mohan Yadav and MP High Court Chief Justice Sanjeev Sabharwal also spoke on the occasion.
