New lunar race begins: US, China plan nuclear reactors on Moon
A new phase in the global space race is taking shape, with both the United States and China announcing plans to build nuclear reactors on the Moon to support long-term human presence.
According to an article in The Conversation by Michelle L.D. Hanlon, professor of air and space law at the University of Mississippi, China has revealed plans to construct a lunar nuclear reactor by 2035 as part of its international research station project. U.S. officials, meanwhile, have indicated that a similar reactor could be operational by 2030.
NASA, along with the U.S. Department of Energy, has been working on small nuclear power systems for several years. These systems are designed to provide uninterrupted energy for lunar habitats, research stations, and potential mining operations. The move is seen as a strategic effort to establish a stronger presence on the Moon rather than a race to develop space-based weapons.
Historically, both the United States and the Soviet Union relied on radioisotope generators to power satellites, deep-space probes, and Mars rovers. This was done under the framework of United Nations guidelines adopted in 1992 to regulate the safe use of nuclear power in outer space.
International law does not prevent countries from deploying nuclear reactors on the Moon, provided they are used safely. The 1967 Outer Space Treaty, signed by major spacefaring nations, requires that space activities be conducted with respect for the interests of all countries. A reactor on the Moon, however, could influence how and where other nations operate nearby.
Experts say that locating reactors in resource-rich areas such as ice-filled craters at the lunar South Pole could give countries a significant advantage in securing water and other essential resources for long-term missions. Nuclear systems would also provide a reliable power supply in areas that receive little or no sunlight, where solar energy is insufficient. This would be critical for running habitats, life-support systems, and scientific equipment.
Officials from both countries have stressed that deploying nuclear reactors on the Moon is not a territorial claim, but rather the creation of essential infrastructure to support research and sustained human presence.
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Bill to regulate deepfakes tabled in Lok Sabha
New Delhi (PTI): A Private Member's Bill seeking a clear legal framework for regulation of deepfakes has been introduced in the Lok Sabha.
The Regulation of Deepfake Bill, introduced by Shiv Sena leader Shrikant Shinde in the House on Friday, aims to protect citizens by mandating prior consent from individuals depicted in deepfake content.
"Misuse of deepfakes for harassment, deception and misinformation has escalated, creating an urgent need for regulatory safeguards," Shinde said.
The Bill also lists penalties for offenders creating or disseminating deepfake content with malicious intent.
"With advancements in artificial intelligence and deep learning, deepfake technology has emerged as a significant tool for media manipulation. While the technology has potential applications in education, entertainment and creative fields, it also poses severe risks when misused, threatening individual privacy, national security and public trust," Shinde said in the statement of objects and reasons in the Bill.
The proposed Bill seeks to establish a clear legal framework to govern the creation, distribution and application of deepfakes in India, said Shinde, a three-term Lok Sabha member from Kalyan.
The Bill also seeks to establish the Deepfake Task Force, a dedicated body to combat national security implications and evaluate the influence of deepfakes on privacy, civic participation, and potential election interference.
The task force will collaborate with academic and private sector institutions to develop technologies that detect manipulated content, thereby promoting credibility in digital media.
The Bill also proposes to establish a fund to support public and private sector initiatives in the detection and deterrence of advanced image manipulation.
A Private Member's Bill is a procedure of Parliament that enables lawmakers, who are not ministers, to draw attention to issues that might not be represented in Government Bills or to highlight the issues and gaps in the existing legal framework that require legislative intervention.
