Dalit business owners in India earn 16% less due to their caste, says study
Bengaluru: A study has revealed that Dalit business owners in India earn, on average, 16 percent less than other business owners, including those from other disadvantaged communities. This income gap can be solely attributed to caste, according to the research paper titled ‘It’s not who you know, but who you are: Explaining income gaps of stigmatized-caste business owners in India’, which was published earlier this week in the research journal PLOS One.
The study by researchers from India, the UK, and Australia found that social capital—a measure of "whom you know," often considered beneficial in various situations, including business—did not significantly improve the incomes of Dalit business owners.
The study employed three analytical techniques, all yielding similar results: there is a 15 to 18 percent income gap between Dalit business owners and others, which can be attributed solely to caste and not other factors like whether they live in urban or rural areas, their education, family background, or land ownership, according to Prateek Raj, an assistant professor at the IIM-Bangalore and lead member of the research team, as noted in the Telegraph.
The analysis revealed that business owners from other disadvantaged groups, such as Other Backward Classes, Scheduled Tribes, or Muslims, benefited from social capital, suggesting that those with more social capital had higher income levels. However, for Dalits (Scheduled Castes), social capital had a much smaller impact, amplifying income disparities compared to others with the same levels of social capital.
Hari Bapbuji, co-author of the paper and a professor at the University of Melbourne, noted that this is due to the stigma associated with Dalits, which affects them personally and is reinforced in social interactions.
Moreover, the study found that human capital, measured by the number of years of school or college education, provided similar income benefits to Dalit business owners as it did to other business owners. Thomas Roulet, an associate professor at the University of Cambridge and the study’s third collaborator, explained that this implies having social capital, or a network, is not as effective as having education in countering stigma.
Experts estimate that Dalits constitute between 250 million and 300 million of India’s 1.4 billion population. This research claims to be one of the first to quantify the impact of caste on business income. While the researchers had expected the effect of social capital would limit stigmatisation, the results showcased that it actually makes stigmatisation even more damaging. Raj stated that the stigma faced by Dalits might not always be explicit discrimination but could result from ingrained attitudes or biases, potentially practiced unconsciously.
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UP: Oxygen cylinder explodes; ailing woman, pregnant daughter among 6 of family dead
Bulandshahr (UP), Oct 22: An oxygen cylinder kept to aid in the care of an ailing woman exploded in a house in Bulandshahr's Sikandrabad area, killing her and five members of her family, including her husband and her three-year-old granddaughter.
The tragedy that snuffed out the lives of 45-year-old Rukhsana, who had recently been discharged from hospital, her husband Riyazuddin, their three children and granddaughter took place on Monday night. Their two-storey home, which housed 19 members of the family, collapsed partially due to the blast.
Rukhsana's daughter Tamannah who lost her life in the accident was nine-month pregnant, her husband Rizwan said.
Citing the postmortem report of the six deceased, Chief Medical Officer of Bulandshahr Dr Vinay Kumar Singh said one of the women was pregnant.
The last rites of the six deceased were held on Tuesday afternoon.
When the bodies were brought back home today after the postmortem, each covered in a shroud, cries of anguish filled the air as hundreds of people gathered outside the family residence in Ashapuri Colony to share their condolences.
District Magistrate of Bulandshahr Chandra Prakash Singh said, "A cylinder blast occurred in the Ashapuri colony of Sikandrabad between 8.30 pm and 9 pm leading to the collapse of the entire house."
Two or three others suffered injuries in the incident and the rest were safe, according to officials.
Riyazuddin (50), his wife Rukhsana (45), their sons Aas Mohammed (26), Salman (16), daughter Tamannah (24) and her child Hibza (3) died due to the blast.
"She (Tamannah) had asked me to take her back home after two days," Rizwan said. He spoke to her last around 5 pm, he said tearfully.
"Now, I'm left with the pain of losing my mother-in-law, father-in-law, brothers-in-law, wife and daughter all at once," Rizwan said.
Talking to PTI Videos, neighbours and first responders described the chaos that unfolded after the explosion.
Asif, who has lived next door for 18 years, said, "I heard a sound that felt like something had exploded. I ran outside and saw locals rushing to help. It was chaos, with people inside the house needing to be pulled out."
The explosion created a red flash, followed by darkness in the house. We had to use our mobile phone torches to navigate the thick dust while trying to rescue anyone trapped inside," another neighbour said.
NDRF officer Neeraj Singh, who oversaw the on-ground rescue and relief operations, said the relief work by local police and administration had already started at the site by the time his force reached.
Surface victims had been moved to safety when the NDRF arrived. The NDRF's operations lasted about three hours, Neeraj Singh said.
"We used methods of canine search, technical search, physical search, etc. as per our procedures to make sure no live victim was left behind in the rubble until the civil authorities called off the operations," Singh told PTI Videos.
Personnel of the NDRF, fire brigade, police, medical and the local administration were involved in the rescue work, Additional Director General of Police, Meerut Zone, Dhruva Kant Thakur said.
DM Singh said the iron beams of the roof of the house had to be pried open using gas cutters. An excavator was also used to clear the debris, he said.
Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath took immediate cognisance of the incident and directed officials to visit the spot and ensure good treatment to the injured, the DM said.
Senior Superintendent of Police of Bulandshahr Shlok Kumar told PTI that the rescue operation was completed on Tuesday morning. The cylinder, its nozzle, etc. have been recovered from the debris, he said.
