Bengaluru, Aug 16: The High Court of Karnataka has dismissed a petition filed by the nominated members of the State Haj Committee (K-SHC) seeking a direction to declare that their three-year term commenced only on July 7, 2021 and ends on July 6, 2024.

The committee was nominated by a notification on January 20, 2020. But the election of the Chairman from among the committee members did not take place within the statutory period of 45 days. It was only after the matter reached the court, it was held on June 24, 2021 and a notification was issued on July 7, 2021.

Therefore, the petitioners; Chairman of the K-SHC, Raufuddin Kacheriwalay, and nine other members approached the High Court seeking a declaration that their tenure started on July 7, 2021 and continues for three years after that.

Justice Krishna S Dixit who heard their petition recently, dismissed the contention.

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"If the statutory tenure of Chairman is three years and the election of Chairman happens, say one year after the Committee was formed, it does not imply that still he holds the office for three years thereafter and eventually beyond the tenure of the very Committee which elected him," the High Court said.

The court said that incumbency does not decide the tenure.

"The office of Chairman ordinarily has a prescribed tenure and such tenure begins from the day one of the Committee regardless of its incumbency," the court said.

However, the court said, "If delay is brooked in conducting such a meeting that does not elongate the tenure of the electee as the Chairman. In other words, the tenure of the Chairman is coterminous with that of his membership and once he ceases to be a member by resignation, removal or expiry of his membership, his Chairmanship also stands determined." .

The court also held that the Latin maxim "expressio unius est exclusio alterius" which means "the expression of one thing is the exclusion of the other" would also not be applicable in this case.

"There is strong juristic opinion to the effect that the subject maxim being ordinary of application, is not be readily invokable in all circumstances," the court said.

Democracy is a basic features of the Indian Constitution. "Therefore, such a principle of democracy cannot be hibernated by a Latin maxim of the kind. After all, the said maxim is not that as sacrosanct as to overwrite the principles of democracy enacted in the provisions of the statute," the court said while dismissing the petition.

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Kolkata (PTI): Nearly 40 per cent of the 3.21 crore electors voted till 11 am of the second phase of polling in West Bengal amid sporadic violence, while tension gripped the Bhabanipur seat briefly as Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee and Suvendu Adhikari took swipes at one another in the same booth area.

Voters queued up from 7 am outside booths in Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly, Nadia, North and South 24 Parganas and Purba Bardhaman districts, which form Bengal's electoral and political core.

Of the total electorate eligible to vote in this phase, 1.57 crore are women, and 792 are third-gender.

Till 11 am, West Bengal recorded 39.97 per cent polling with Purba Bardhaman registering the highest turnout at 44.50 per cent, followed by Hooghly at 43.12 per cent and Nadia at 40.34 per cent.

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Howrah recorded 39.45 per cent polling, while North 24 Parganas registered 38.43 per cent. Kolkata North and Kolkata South recorded 38.39 per cent and 36.78 per cent turnout, respectively.

South 24 Parganas, a politically crucial district witnessing several high-profile contests, recorded 37.9 per cent voting.

The first phase of polls in 152 Assembly seats of West Bengal on April 23 also recorded more than 41 per cent polling till 11 am.

"Polling is underway peacefully, barring some minor incidents in certain areas. We have sought reports from the officials concerned," a poll panel official said.

The early-morning convergence of Banerjee and Adhikari at the same booth area in Chakraberia turned Bhabanipur -- the chief minister's electoral bastion -- into the centrepiece of the day, reinforcing the symbolic weight of their prestige battle seen as a rematch of Nandigram, where the BJP leader had defeated her in 2021.

Banerjee was already seated outside the booth after receiving complaints of alleged intimidation of local TMC leaders when Adhikari arrived there amid heavy deployment of central forces.

Stepping out of his car, Adhikari declared, "I will not allow any hooliganism", while Banerjee accused the BJP of trying to "rig" the election using central forces, police observers and election officials.

"BJP wants to rig this election. Polls in Bengal are usually peaceful. Is there goonda raj here?" Banerjee told reporters, alleging CRPF personnel had visited the homes of TMC leaders late Tuesday night and unleashed terror in the area.

She alleged that election observers were acting at the BJP's behest and claimed TMC workers were being selectively targeted across districts.

Adhikari dismissed the charges as signs of "frustration", claiming Banerjee had realised that "not a single vote" was coming her way.

Banerjee, who usually steps out of her Kalighat residence late in the day to cast her vote at Mitra Institution School, broke convention and hit the ground before 8 am, moving through Chetla, Padmapukur and Chakraberia, underlining the stakes attached to Bhabanipur and the wider battle for south Bengal.

Reports of violence, vandalism and tension surfaced from several districts.

In Nadia district's Chapra, a BJP polling agent was allegedly assaulted inside a booth during a mock poll. The BJP accused TMC supporters of attacking its agent, while the ruling party denied the charge. In Shantipur, a BJP camp office was found vandalised.

In South 24 Pargana's Bhangar, the ISF alleged that its polling agents were prevented from entering booths.

Howrah's Bally constituency saw tension at a booth in Liluah after an EVM malfunction delayed voting, prompting central forces to lathi-charge agitated voters. Two people were arrested in the matter.

Police and RAF personnel were also seen chasing away crowds near a booth in Amdanga following complaints of unlawful gathering by bike-borne supporters.

In Panihati, BJP candidate Ratna Debnath, the mother of the RG Kar victim, faced protests and her car was allegedly stopped by TMC workers, while in Jagaddal, the recovery of a firearm near a polling booth triggered tension before police and central forces restored order.

BJP candidate from Basanti assembly constituency in South 24 Parganas, Bikash Sardar, on Wednesday, alleged that "200-250 TMC goons" attacked his car and assaulted his driver when he was visiting polling booths in the constituency.

The TMC did not immediately respond to the allegations.

Unlike the first phase, where the BJP sought to defend its north Bengal gains, the final round has shifted the battle squarely to the TMC's strongest belt.

In 2021, the ruling party had won 123 of these 142 seats, leaving just 18 for the BJP and one for the ISF. For the BJP, breaching this southern fortress remains critical if it hopes to mount a serious challenge for power in the state.