Guwahati: India captain Virat Kohli has refrained from making any comments on the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), without gaining full knowledge on the sensitive subject.

The CAA will grant Indian nationality to people belonging to minority communities -- Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians -- in Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan after six years of residence in India instead of 12, even if they don't possess any proper document.

In 2016, Kohli had termed demonetisation as the "greatest move in history of Indian politics", which met with sharp criticism from a lot of quarters, with people questioning his knowledge on the subject.

With Guwahati witnessing massive protests against the CAA till some days back, Kohli was asked about it and the Indian skipper weighed his words carefully.

"On the issue, I do not want to be irresponsible and speak on something that has, you know, radical opinions both sides. I need to have total information, total knowledge of what it means and what is going on and then be responsible to give my opinion on it," Kohli said ahead of India's first T20 International against Sri Lanka.

The skipper made it clear that he will not like to get embroiled in a controversy by commenting on a subject that he is not well aware of.

"Because you can say one thing and then someone can say another thing. So, I would not like to get involved in something that I don't have total knowledge of and it's not going to be responsible on my part to comment on it." However Kohli on his part was happy with the security arrangements and felt that the city is "absolutely safe".

"The city is absolutely safe. We didn't see any problems on the roads," Kohli said, giving his thumbs-up for the match at the Barsapara Stadium.

The Assam Cricket Association is using this match as a "curtain-raiser" ahead of their maiden IPL match this season as Rajasthan Royals have adopted this venue.

There has been deployment of Rapid Action Force for the teams and ACA secretary Devajit Saikia has said the spectators will not even be allowed to bring along handkerchiefs and towels on the match-day as the traditional Assamese scarf was used for protests against CAA.

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Bengaluru: A post-poll survey conducted by Vartha Bharati and Bengaluru-based political research organisation Sankalp has projected a tight contest in the Davanagere South Assembly by-election, with Congress still ahead of BJP but with a sharply reduced margin compared to the 2023 Assembly election.

According to the survey, Congress may retain the seat, but it is likely to lose around 25 per cent of the votes it had secured in the 2023 election. As a result, its lead is expected to shrink considerably. In contrast, BJP is projected to have retained 95 per cent of the votes it secured in 2023.

The survey also noted widespread anger among Muslim voters against Congress, making the by-election far from easy for the ruling party.

Vote share projection

The survey estimates that of the total votes polled in 2023, Congress had secured 58 per cent. In the present by-election, its vote share may decline to 48.7 per cent.

BJP, which had received 39 per cent votes in 2023, may rise to 43.5 per cent this time.

SDPI, which had polled only 0.9 per cent in 2023, is projected to rise sharply to 5.7 per cent.

Independents and NOTA together may account for 2.1 per cent votes.

The survey stated that dissatisfaction among Muslims over ticket distribution and the manner in which Congress handled the community may hurt Congress and benefit SDPI.

Where Congress votes are shifting

Of the votes Congress may lose, a major share is projected to move to BJP.

The survey says:

  • 17 per cent of Congress’s lost votes may shift to BJP
  • 7 per cent may move to SDPI
  • Around 1 per cent may go to others

This means that out of every 100 voters who supported Congress in 2023, nearly 25 may have shifted elsewhere in the by-election.

BJP vote retention strong

The survey estimates BJP has retained 95 per cent of its 2023 voters.

Only 5 per cent of BJP’s earlier votes may have moved to Congress.

Of that 5 per cent shift:

  • 25 per cent are Dalits
  • 33 per cent Lingayats
  • 25 per cent Kurubas
  • 17 per cent others

The survey says no BJP votes appear to have shifted to SDPI.

Social group movement from Congress to BJP

Among the 17 per cent votes shifting from Congress to BJP:

  • 50 per cent Dalits
  • 27 per cent others
  • 11 per cent Lingayats
  • 12 per cent Kurubas

The 7 per cent shift from Congress to SDPI is attributed clearly to Muslim voter dissatisfaction.

Gender-wise voting pattern

Among male voters:

  • Congress: 47.0 per cent
  • BJP: 44.2 per cent
  • SDPI: 6.4 per cent
  • Others: 2.4 per cent

Among female voters:

  • Congress: 53.0 per cent
  • BJP: 41.6 per cent
  • SDPI: 3.9 per cent

Age-wise voting trend

18 to 25 years

A close fight is seen among younger voters.

  • Congress: 45.9 per cent
  • BJP: 45.5 per cent
  • SDPI: 6.6 per cent

The survey says this suggests young Muslim voters may have moved from Congress to SDPI.

26 to 40 years

This is the largest voter group.

  • Congress: 47.4 per cent
  • BJP: 43.5 per cent
  • SDPI: 6.4 per cent

41 to 60 years

Congress is believed to have benefited from sympathy votes linked to Shamanur.

  • Congress: 52.1 per cent
  • BJP: 41.7 per cent
  • SDPI: 4.7 per cent

Above 60 years

BJP appears stronger among senior voters.

  • BJP: 51.0 per cent
  • Congress: 44.4 per cent
  • SDPI: 3.7 per cent

Factors helping Congress

The survey listed the following advantages for Congress:

  • Sympathy factor after Shamanur’s death
  • Voter preference towards ruling party
  • Influence of Mallikarjun-Prabha couple
  • Congress victory in Lok Sabha election

Factors helping BJP

The survey listed the following advantages for BJP:

  • Anti-incumbency against Congress government
  • Anger among Muslims hurting Congress
  • BJP fielding a Dalit candidate

The survey observed that while SDPI gained directly from Muslim anger, BJP gained indirectly because Congress lost votes.

Candidate-wise estimate

The survey projects:

  • Congress candidate Samarth Mallikarjun: 43% to 51%
  • BJP candidate Srinivas T. Dasakariyappa: 42% to 50%
  • SDPI candidate Afsar Kodlipete: around 6%
  • Others: around 1%

Margin expected to shrink sharply

Congress had won the 2023 election by a huge margin of 27,888 votes.

This time, the survey projects Congress may be ahead by only 1,500 to 2600 votes.

It added that since the margin appears extremely narrow, the possibility of a surprise result cannot be ruled out.