Go, Watch Kaala, to get a glimpse of a mutiny !
Review by P. Manivannan, IAS
The Rajinikanth starrer Kaala, like the earlier Kabali, is a movie whose time has come.
Indeed, it’s a trite late, but has come from the most expected place of all, Tamil Nadu, where the mutinies started many years ago, led by E.V. Ramaswamy, fondly called as Periyar.
The mutinies that our country is going through now, has just spilled over into the art screen, as Kaala.
It had to.
And it has.
More such movies are to be expected, which will rewrite Ramayana and other symbols of feudalism.
We are going to have, or already having, the eruptions that are questioning the oppression inflicted on millions of India’s sons and daughters for hundreds of years.
***
My exposure into Indian history, beyond what is taught to us in the school, happened when I prepared for my IAS.
Poring over the books, I learned that the Hinduism we see today is a mosaic of religious history of thousands of years, starting from the Rig Veda, Pantheism, Buddhism, Jainism etc.
Indeed, as many would agree, it was not a monolithic religion, but a way of life. As it was different from what the Christians and Muslims professed, they called everything beyond their religion, as Hinduism.
One of the discernible aspects of Hinduism is castesim. Castesim established and maintained feudalism in Indian society, without the need for the sword.
At one level, it can be called as a master stroke for keeping different classes together and making them work towards common existence. But, clearly, it was oppressive to many, which was typical of any feudal system.
The concept of Rule of Law pre-supposes that everyone is equal. Thus, Rule of law is an antithesis to Feudalism.
The law of the land until the British established themselves in 1858, was differentiative and feudalistic. Manu was clear on that!
The indigenous rulers didn’t want to upset the applecart, and hence it continued, till the British, sitting safely in London, ventured to upset it.
Thus, things changed visibly since 1858, a year after the bloody revolt, a mutiny of gigantic proportion, in 1857, when the British brought its system based on Rule of Law. In fact, many would say that 1857 was itself a voice, that was not in resonance with feudalism.
The British, whether knowingly or unknowingly, tinkered with the existing feudalism in India. This sent shock waves. Suddenly, the law for the Brahmin and Sudra became the same! Manu’s law of thousands of years was overturned! This was bound to be bring mixed reactions.
Change is never easy. And when it’s about changing the status quo that existed for thousands of years, that defined and decided the socio-politico-economic fabric, it was destined to cause an upheaval in society, and it did.
And it got channelized and echoed in the struggle for freedom. Surely, Mahatma Gandhi didn’t miss to take note of it. ‘Chauri Chaura’ might have reminded him the course it could take if the mutinies are not controlled or regulated.
***
Post-independence, these voices grew more, after a brief lull of expectations of a utopia.
Emergency indeed acted as a spring released. When it unwound, it gave fillip to these mutinies. Since then, the democratic institutions kept the fire burning, fueled by education.
Post 1991, the competitions forced the people to wake up and fight for survival.
Logically, the wide differences in different sections of society, wrought by the feudalistic history of India, came to the fore, as never before. The flat world forced mutinies, as equality of opportunities became a sine qua non for survival.
Thus, the upheavals that started a hundred and fifty years back found more force and started erupting. Needless to say, every force leads to opposite forces. That explains the raise of right-wing politics and forces in the country.
These opposing forces have to led to clashes and eruptions as never before.
Thus, Kaala is a volcano that erupted on the screen!
How else will you explain Ravana killing Ram?!
The epics of India, as expected, were products of the zeitgeist. So, when the mutinies raise, they tear down the established norms; those imposed overtly and covertly in support of feudal system.
The rule books are torn, and even Gods are questioned!
As V.S. Naipaul wrote in his famous book, India: A Million Mutinies Now, we will see more of such eruptions, and their right-wing counters.
India bypassed renaissance, and the bloody revolution, thanks to the crafty caste system. But, these small-scale mutinies will be the order of the say in the coming years.
There would be violent swings, from left to right! And Kaala is a beautiful portrayal of the swing on the left.
Go, watch it, to get a glimpse of a mutiny!
(Trichy-born P.Manivannan, a naturalised Kannadiga, is a secretary in the government of Karnataka. He is headed to Harvard to do his masters in public administration)
This review was first published in churumuri.blog
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Pope Leo XIV calls for aid to reach Gaza and an end to hostilities in his first general audience
Vatican City (AP): Pope Leo XIV called for humanitarian aid to reach the Gaza Strip and for an end to the “heartbreaking” toll on its people, as he presided over his first general audience in St. Peter's Square.
The Vatican said that around 40,000 people were on hand for the audience, which came just days after an estimated 200,000 people attended the inaugural Mass on Sunday for history's first American pope.
Leo, the former Cardinal Robert Prevost of Chicago, began the audience with a tour through the piazza in the popemobile and stopped to bless several babies. In addressing specific greetings to different groups of pilgrims, Leo spoke in his native English, his fluent Spanish as well as the traditional Italian of the papacy.
“I renew my heartfelt appeal to allow the entrance of dignified humanitarian aid to Gaza and to put an end to the hostilities whose heartbreaking price is being paid by children, the elderly, and sick people,” he said.
The general audience on Wednesdays is a weekly appointment that popes have kept for decades to allow ordinary faithful to have a face-to-face encounter with the pontiff. It features the pope delivering a brief reflection on a theme or Scripture passage, with summaries provided by others in different languages and the pope directing specific messages to particular faith groups.
The encounter, which lasts more than an hour, usually ends with a brief topical appeal by the pope about a current issue or upcoming event. Leo began it with his now-frequent mantra “Peace be with you.”
To that end, Leo on Tuesday reaffirmed the Vatican's willingness to host the next round of ceasefire talks between Russia and Ukraine during a phone call with Italian Premier Giorgia Meloni, the Italian leader's office said.
Meloni made the call after speaking with U.S. President Donald Trump and other European leaders, who asked her to verify the Holy See's offer.
“Finding in the Holy Father the confirmation of the willingness to welcome the next talks between the parties, the premier expressed profound gratitude for Pope Leo XIV's willingness and his incessant commitment in favor of peace,” Meloni's office said in a statement late Tuesday.
Trump had referred to the Vatican's longstanding offer to host talks in reporting on his phone call Monday with Russian President Vladimir Putin.
While low-level talks could take place in Rome, Italy would be hard-pressed to allow Putin to fly into Rome for any higher-level negotiation. Putin is subject to an international arrest warrant from the International Criminal Court, of which Italy is a founding member and therefore obliged to execute its warrants.
