World Alzheimer's Day 2024: Can we delay or prevent dementia in our society?
Under the aegis of Alzheimer’s Disease International (ADI), people coming together from all around the world celebrate the month of September as World Alzheimer’s Month and commemorates World Alzheimer's Day every year on September 21st. This campaign advocates for an International awareness-raising effort for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias.
The theme for World Alzheimer’s Day 2024 is “Know Dementia, Know Alzheimer’s.” Considering the ‘human longevity revolution’ and the ‘human ageing time bomb’; the dementia crisis has been designated as the “the epidemic of our century”. It is estimated that more than 57 million people have dementia worldwide. More than two-thirds of them were in low-and middle income countries (LMICs). In India, data From the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI) estimated that 8.8 million Indians older than 60 years live with dementia. The two most common causes of dementia are Alzheimer´s disease (AD) and vascular dementia. AD accounts for 50-70% of all cases of dementia, about 20-30% have either vascular dementia (VaD) or a combination of VaD and AD, the other dementia syndromes being Frontotemporal dementia (FTD and Dementia with Lewy Body (DLB).
Although ageing is one of the main risk factor for dementia, Dementia is not inevitable with ageing and is best depicted as a disorder on the “continuum of aging casualty”. We need to re- think dementia to be a "lifestyle disorder." Research has shown that AD develops in the life-course of 20-30 years on the background of ageing intricately and inexorably interacting with lifestyle risk factors (LSRFs), behavioural risk factors (BRFs), and Vascular Risk Factors (VRFs) along with other metabolic risk factors resulting in dementia.
The dementia process and brain pathology associated with dementia inexorably creeps in from early-life (20-40 years age group) to mid-life (40-59 years age group). AD is therefore a slow neurodegenerative neuropathological process resulting from cumulative brain pathology over a decades-long process, and is not an event that occurred de novo as a in late-life disorder. By the time AD manifest as symptomatic dementia, the brain neurodegeneration can no longer be prevented. Current treatment into AD is ‘too late’ and offers symptomatic treatment only.
Being a neurologist trained in Memory/Cognitive Disorders and Dementia, I am not being a therapeutic nihilist when much research is underway for novel anti-dementia, anti-amyloid and other drug targets are in the pipeline. However, I wish to reiterate that until such effective, curative or disease modifying drugs are available, both in the developed and developing countries easily/cheaply, preventive neurology strategies will remain the Holy Grail in addressing the dementia epidemic. I fervently believe that Epidemics can only be eradicated by prevention, not by therapy!
Optimism for a life-course perspective to dementia prevention stems from evidence in a recent study published in 2020 as the Lancet Commission Report on dementia prevention. Similar to the much practiced Preventive cardiology and the evidence from the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) that estimates a patient's 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); there is now research evidence to similar riskometer tools in dementia. This includes Mid-Life Dementia Risk Score and Late-Life Dementia Risk Index, which can accurately predict the likelihood of older adults developing dementia in the future life-course. This novel approach for the prediction of dementia risk could help to identify individuals who might benefit from intensive brain healthy lifestyle interventions that could stave off dementia in the future.
The evidence from the 2020 Lancet Commission report lends credence that about 40% of dementia cases worldwide could theoretically be prevented or delayed by eliminating 14 modifiable risk factors during an individual's life course. Hence, it’s never too early or too late to act, to make such risk factor strategies at any stage during early or mid-life course. The 14 risk factors cited in the 2020 Lancet Commission report are low education, hearing loss, hypertension, smoking, obesity, depression, physical inactivity, diabetes, excessive alcohol consumption, traumatic brain injury (TBI), air pollution, social isolation, vision impairment, and high LDL cholesterol.
A life-span approach with a life-course approach focussing on Brain healthy Lifestyles, the promotion of Brain health and well-being, and healthy brain ageing (HBA) strategies would exert brain protection by preserving the brain’s cognitive reserve, brain neuroplasticity, brain resilience, and pave the route to a Dementia free life expectancy (DemFLE) operant on ‘The Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition’ (STAC) conceptual model. The brain healthy lifestyles would mandate staying physically fit, adopting an active socially integrated lifestyle, (leisure activities, walking, bicycling, gardening ,playing musical instruments, social networking, visiting friends and relatives, going to movies, Hobbies) staying mentally and cognitively active( brain gym activities such as learning, reading, playing games, sudokos, puzzle games, meditation, yoga), being spiritually active, finding a ‘purpose in life’ (PIL or ‘Ikigai’) ensuring eudaimonic well-being (EWB), eating smart adhering to brain healthy diet (the Asian-Mediterranean diet, diets high in fish, fruit, and vegetables fruits), sleeping well, quitting tobacco and alcohol, and coping stress, depression and anxiety, and by promoting mental resilience for subjective psychological well-being.
In fact, the World Brain Day on July 22nd this year the German Society of Neurology and the German Brain Foundation lend some evidence that too much sugar can harm the brain and impact AD. We should also be ‘Heart Smart’ to be ‘Brain Smart’ by controlling high blood pressure, treating diabetes mellitus, and preventing obesity to maintain a healthy BMI. My advocacy underscores that by improving lifestyle choices apart from controlling the modifiable risk factors would indeed be a public health roadmap for preventing and staving off the risk for future dementia in the next generation, a promise for tomorrow’s generation for DemFLE
This article would not have a 360° perspective by not addressing a sustainable dementia education for our children, grandchildren and for the next generation. Dementia education in children, school professionals, teenagers, adults, and the elderly in our society is quintessential to ‘know dementia, know Alzheimer’s’ as a lifestyle disorder. Our communities and society should be made aware of the “cradle-to- grave’ life-course perspective in preserving brain health, and adopting proactive brain healthy lifestyles as a public health initiative to dementia prevention in India.
“When meditating over a disease, I never think of finding a remedy for it, but instead a means of preventing it”- Louis Pasteur; 1884
Prof Dr.B.P.Shelley, MBBS, MD, DM, FRCP
Fellowship in Behavioural Neurology, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
Fellowship in Cognitive Neurology, Addenbrooke’s Cambridge University Hospitals, UK
Professor and Head - Department of Neurology
Yenepoya Medical College
Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangaluru, Karnataka
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MP minister's veiled remark on Col Sofia Qureshi sparks major row; he apologises, Cong seeks ouster
Bhopal/Indore, May 13 (PTI): Madhya Pradesh Minister and BJP leader Vijay Shah has sparked a major controversy with objectionable comments that appeared to be directed at Col Sofia Qureshi, whom he tried to project as a "sister of terrorists."
Under severe flak, Shah said if anyone is hurt by his statement, he is ready to apologise ten times, adding that he respects Colonel Qureshi more than his sister.
The Congress has appealed to Prime Minister Narendra Modi to sack Shah from the Madhya Pradesh cabinet.
Colonel Qureshi had conducted regular press briefings, sharing details of the 'Operation Sindoor' launched by Indian armed forces to strike terrorists, joined by Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri and Wing Commander Vyomika Singh.
"Those people (terrorists) who had wiped out the sindoor (vermilion) of our sisters (in the Pahalgam terror attack)..We avenged these 'kate-pite' people by sending their sister to destroy them," Shah said.
"They (terrorists) killed our Hindu brothers by making them remove their clothes. PM Modi ji responded by sending their (terrorists') sister in an Army plane to strike them in their houses. They (terrorists) made our sisters widows, so Modiji sent the sister of their community to strip them and teach them a lesson", the BJP leader said while addressing a gathering in Ramkunda village near Indore.
He said, "Revenge was taken for the honour of our country (India), respect, and for the (slain) husbands of our sisters by sending a sister from your (terrorists') community to Pakistan".
The tribal welfare minister clarified that his remarks should not be construed otherwise.
Shah's remarks drew wide-scale condemnation, with Congress demanding his immediate dismissal from the MP cabinet.
Congress President Mallikarjun Kharge said Shah, who made 'derogatory' remarks in reference to Colonel Sofia Qureshi, should be dismissed immediately.
"A minister of the BJP government of Madhya Pradesh has made a very derogatory, shameful and cheap remark about our brave daughter Colonel Sofia Qureshi. The terrorists of Pahalgam wanted to divide the country, but the country was united during the entire 'Operation Sindoor' to give a befitting reply to the terrorists," Kharge posted on X.
He alleged that the BJP-RSS harbours an anti-women mentality.
"First, the wife of the naval officer martyred in Pahalgam was trolled on social media, then the daughter of Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri was harassed, and now the BJP ministers are making such indecent comments about our brave woman Sophia Qureshi," Kharge said and appealed to PM Modi to immediately sack Shah.
Madhya Pradesh Congress president Jitu Patwari shared the video of Shah on X and asked whether the BJP agrees with the minister's "low thinking"?
The MP Congress Committee alleged that Shah's "indecent' and hate-filled" statement is not just a personal attack, but an open attack on India's military dignity, national unity, and women's honour.
Amid the raging controversy, the BJP's Madhya Pradesh general secretary Hitanand Sharma summoned Shah to the state headquarters in Bhopal.
According to sources, Sharma reprimanded the minister, who also met the state BJP president, Vishnu Dutt Sharma.
Speaking to reporters, Shah sought to attribute the intemperate remarks to his "disturbed" state of mind in view of the brutal killing of innocent people in Pahalgam by terrorists.
He claimed many members of his family have a military background and many were martyred.
"Sister Sophia has brought glory to India by rising above caste and religion. She is more respected than our own sister. I salute her for her service to the nation.
"We cannot even think of insulting her in our dreams. Still, if my words have hurt society and religion, then I am ready to apologise ten times,'' he added.
Meanwhile, Congress leader Manoj Shukla and the party workers blackened the nameplate of Shah at his bungalow and raised slogans seeking his resignation.
'हमारी सेना की जांबाज बेटियां आतंकवादियों की बहन हैं'
— Congress (@INCIndia) May 13, 2025
- ये घटिया बात मध्य प्रदेश में BJP सरकार के मंत्री विजय शाह ने कही है।
भारत की जिन बेटियों पर सबको नाज है, उन बेटियों को लेकर ये शर्मनाक बयान दिया गया है। उन्हें आतंकवादियों की बहन बताया गया है।
ये हमारी पराक्रमी सेना का… pic.twitter.com/y591M3ky8G
